analysis of Prverts paroles essays

examination of Prvert's paroles papers Q: Discuss Prverts thoughts of adolescence and youth regarding sonnets from Paroles. Jacques Prvert was conceived on the fourth February 1900 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Renowned writer, scriptwriter and dear companion of craftsmen Picasso and Motand; he was a noticeable figure of the post war social scene in Paris. Known for the remarkable achievement of his assortment of sonnets Paroles and his key job in the French surrealist development; Prverts youth days were a long way from the effective figure he later became. Prverts more youthful youth days were an exceptionally glad time for him. He had affectionate recollections of this time and this was regularly reflected in his work. Be that as it may, when Prvert was 7 years of age (in 1906) his dad, Andr lost his employment; and the ideal, lighthearted youth youthful Jacques had once known, vanished at the same time. The family moved to an inn in the least fortunate quarters of Paris. Prverts world was flipped around, into that of a regular workers Paris and its Parisian road urchins. Adolescence is a repetitive illustration of beautiful creative mind and everlasting youth, and is a pervasive element in his work in Paroles. It is accepted that Prverts own adolescence has had a solid impact in his thoughts both emphatically and contrarily. The motivation behind this exposition is to talk about this thought. Prverts father at last found a new line of work working in the focal office for the poor of Paris. He would discover families and survey their money related circumstance. His dad was managing the absolute least fortunate individuals in the city. Prvert who was just seven years of age at the time inspires this memory in the sonnet La Grasse Matine Lazy Day. This is a sonnet, which distinctively summons the perusers creative mind and tells the story of the torment of somebody unab ... <!

People resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individuals resourcing - Essay Example These progressions offer associations openings and difficulties for accomplishment in equivalent measure. These conditions cause the change the idea of human asset arranging. Accomplishment in the present powerful market expects organizations to improve execution. Improvement incorporates lessening costs, improving quality, inventiveness, innovativeness, and speed focused on efficiency. These obligations lay on individuals who make up the association since they make both long haul and momentary hierarchical arrangements. HR include most significant assets in any association that works with the point of making progress (Wernerfelt 1984, 19). An unpredictable business condition implies that the administration of business associations must grasp that essential methods for increasing upper hand have changed. The business world has seen different organizations breakdown in the financial downturn that is gradually being overseen. Organizations hit by the downturn run from world driving pro tection, assembling, and handling organizations. National governments over the world needed to rescue some the organizations to spare them from approaching breakdown. The earth saw different organizations close their tasks in certain pieces of the world to limit use. The monetary downturn didn't extra national economies with Greece’s monetarily disintegrating. The European Union is battling to enable the nation to revive its economy. Italy is additionally battling. Human asset arranging must be utilized to grow new procedures that will enable the organization to stay serious in the market. Human asset arranging encourages the organization to think about issues that empower picking up of upper hand. The administration of organizations ought to perceive that typical wellsprings of accomplishment are as yet dependable yet human asset arranging upgrades manageability of progress. Normal instruments that lead to progress incorporate economies of scale, creation innovation that cov ers both procedure and item, and secured markets. The contribution by progress factors offers upper hand. HR show up at the highest point of the stepping stool in the administration chain of command of associations. This shows their significance in the running of business organizations. HR the executives conducts work investigation forms before selecting qualified representatives with suitable aptitudes for explicit employments. It likewise upgrades duty of workers and ensures that the organization holds the best by dealing with their government assistance (Lado 1994, 31). At the point when the human asset division does this, it spurs representatives since it deals with the requirements of the workforce. A business association appreciates an upper hand by making an incentive for its customers. The association must concentrate on item and administration separation. It is significant that the organization give administrations and items that are remarkable. To do this, HR must single o ut various markets and treat them as people. The focus ought to be on specific market fragments or gatherings and ensure that the items and administrations they get are viable and more effective than those gave by contenders are in a similar market (Wright 2007, 56). During the time spent accomplishing upper hand, HR adopt a three-pronged strategy including cost administration,

The Secret Financial History of Voting

The Secret Financial History of Voting The Secret Financial History of Voting The Secret Financial History of VotingTheres a lot of money in politics today, but old-timey politicians used to straight-up bribe them for their votesâ€"sometimes with booze!As our increasingly divided country gets ready to cast its ballots on November 6th, there’s one thing we can agree on: that we can’t wait for the political ad deluge to finally stop. Granted, next spring will likely see the 2020 presidential campaign begin in earnest, bringing with it even more ads, but we’ll take whatever kind of breather we can get.Nowadays, American elections cost more than everâ€"by a lot. The 2016 election involved a total of $6.5 billion in spending.  $2.4 billion was spent on the presidential election while $4.1 billion was spent on all the other races put together. And that’s not even as much as was spent in 2012, which came in at $7 billion.All this spending is driven by the candidates themselves and by Super PACs, outside groups that can raise (and then spend) unlimited amounts of moneyâ€"generally donated by very wealthy supporters. However, both Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump found great success in 2016 soliciting millions upon millions from small-dollar donors.All of this spending is pretty cut and dryâ€"and more than a little dull. Meanwhile, the history of American elections is, likewise, awash with spendingâ€"large portions of it coming via bribes, purchased votes, and barrels upon barrels of liquor. That sounds way more fun, right?We certainly think it does. With that in mind, sit back, relax, and enjoy these highlights from the secret financial history of voting. In Colonial America, elections were bought with booze.In colonial times, voting was usually done viva voce, or by voice. Basically, people would gather in town squares and speak their support for candidatesâ€"a process similar to modern-day caucuses. This meant that election days were oftentimes rowdy, raucous affairs: a perfect place for imbibing an alcoholic beverage or five.In fact, a lcohol wasn’t some sort of electoral side effect: It was the main attraction. So much so that candidates would purchase liquor and spirits to give to the assembled voters. And if they didn’t, their chances of winning were practically zilch.You know how people nowadays say that they’re voting for a candidate because they’re the one “they’d like to get a beer with?” Yeah, this was like that, only it was the candidates were literally thrusting frosty mugs of brew into voters hands.One politician who got bit by their refusal to hand out free booze was a young George Washington. In 1755, the 24-year-old future president was running for a seat in the legislature. He was solidly against the practice of plying voters with alcohol (sometimes referred to as “treating”) and was determined to stand on nothing but his own merits.Stop laughing. Washington lost in a landslide: 271 to 40. When he ran again three years later, he shelled out approximately 144 gallons of free liquor. And wouldnt you know it? This time he won.Eventually, decades after the American Revolution, states would decide that maybe this wasn’t such a great way to decide the leaders of our nation. Beginning with Maryland in 1811, the practice of plying voters with free booze was banned.During the 1800’s, election day was … sort of The Purge?Up until the 20th century, elections on the wholeâ€"and election days in particularâ€"remained pretty wild. Many considered public voting (as in, not keeping your vote a secret) to be a hallmark of the American system. Violence at the polls was also common, with the whole ordeal being seen as an almost Hunger Games-esque test of one’s manly mettle.In an article for The New Yorker, journalist Jill Lepore recounts the story of George Kyle, who was attacked on his way to the polls in Baltimore, 1859. Kyle was wounded by a bullet, while his brother was killed. They never did get a chance to get their votes, and their candidate lost.The results were challenged in court but were eventually upheld. Lepore writes:Voting in America, it’s fair to say, used to be different. “Are you not a man in the full vigor of manhood and strength?” a member of the House Committee on Elections asked another Harrison supporter who, like Kyle, went to the polls but turned back without voting (and who happened to stand six feet and weigh more than two hundred pounds). The hearings established a precedent. “To vacate an election,” an election-law textbook subsequently advised, “it must clearly appear that there was such a display of force as ought to have intimidated men of ordinary firmness.”Much of this chaos was due to the U.S. Constitution, which remained vague on matters of electoral conduct. Matters were mostly left up to the states, which combined with these somewhat barbaric traditions to create a system that was, as Lepore describes it, “higgeldy-piggeldy.”Even states that chose to vote “by paper” weren’t much better, as many early ballots weren’t much of an improvement on viva voce. These weren’t provided by the government, but rather by (primarily) political parties. From Lepore:Printed ballots came to be called “party tickets,” because they looked like train tickets (which is why, when we talk about someone who votes a single-party slate, we say that he “votes the party ticket”). The printing on ballots of a party symbol, like the Free Soilers’ man-pushing-a-plow, meant that voters didn’t need to know how to write, or even to read. Not surprisingly, the ticket system consolidated the power of the major parties. Curiously, it promoted insurgency, too: party malcontents could “bolt,” or print their own ballots, listing an alternate slate of candidates; they could “knife” a candidate by stacking up a pile of tickets and slicing out his name; and they could distribute “pasters,” strips of paper printed with the name of a candidate not on the party ticket, to be pasted over that of his opponent. (For this, polls were stocked with vats of paste.)Undeniably, party tickets led to massive fraud and intimidation. A candidate had to pay party leaders a hefty sum to put his name on the ballot and to cover the costs of printing tickets, buying votes, and hiring thugs, called “shoulder-strikers,” to tussle with voters. To make sure all that soap was paying off, ballots grew bigger, and more colorful, so bright-colored that even “vest-pocket voters”â€"men who went to the polls with their ballots crammed into their pocketsâ€"could barely hide their votes.Okay so maybe we overstated it slightly when we invoked The Purge. But still, this era of American elections was defined by chaos, violence, and fraud. And if that doesn’t sound like the perfect recipe for buying votes, then we don’t know what is.Why buy ads when you can just buy voters.If you want to know more about the history of buying votes in U.S. elections, we recommend you check out Lepore ’s piece as well as the delightful The ABCs of Buying Elections from Jaime Fuller in The Washington Post. Here is our favorite selection from Fuller’s piece:Everybody in Maine (1880): A Democratic editor of this town with whom I talked today, sadly admitted that Maine was full of purchasable votes. There is many a place, he reported, where men can be bought up at so much a head, and the price is not high either. A dollar often fetches them, but frequently a pair of trousers, a coat, a pair of boots, or a hat does the business. Another well-informed politician told of a case in which the Democratic candidates for the legislature gave a man a pair of pantaloons a few days before the election. Approaching the polls in his new clothes, the voter was questioned as to his choice by a suspicious Democrat. Im going Republican this time, was the dogged reply. What, with those Democratic trousers on? rejoined the Democratic solicitor, thinking that a hint that he was in the secret would b e enough. Yes, said the free citizen of Maine: mebbe you dont know the coat is Republican, and its the best part of the suit.'Throughout the 1800’s, candidates were able to shamelessly court voters by offering them money in exchange for their support. And public voting made this practice all the easier. From S.J. Ackerman on  Smithsonian.com:In some states, politicos could buy votes confident of knowing whether the voters stayed bought; they could watch at the polls as their conspicuously marked ballots descended into glass-sided ballot boxes. Sometimes voters handed their votes to election clerks for deposit, inviting further fiddling with the results. Apparently, ballot fraud was so common it developed its own vocabulary. “Colonizers” were groups of bought voters who moved en masse to turn the voting tide in doubtful wards. “Floaters” flitted like honeybees wafting from party to party, casting ballots in response to the highest bidder. “Repeaters” voted early and, so metimes in disguise, often.And while these practices persisted into the 20th century, the widespread adoption of secret ballots meant a corresponding need for secrecy amongst election fraudsters.Payments now were being made behind closed doors, and the people getting paid were more and more likely to be party bosses and local bigwigs who would then go out and manufacture vote totals. (This is a good time to mention that we’re based in Chicago: the former home of America’s premier political machine.)Finally: one interesting fact about President Benjamin Harrison.Still, there was one vote-buying scheme that stands head and shoulders above the rest. That Smithsonian Magazine article quoted above was about the presidential election of 1888, when Republican Benjamin Harrison outright bought the presidency out from under incumbent Democrat Grover Cleveland.In short: Harrison needed to win his home state of Indiana in order to take the electoral college, but the massively popular Cleve land presented a challengeâ€"especially since Indiana Democrats, themselves, had a history of electoral fraud.While Harrison campaigned on free, untainted elections, Republican National Committee Treasurer W.W. Dudley instituted a massive vote-buying scheme, instructing local leaders to “Divide the floaters into blocks of five, and put a trusted man with necessary funds in charge,” being sure to “make him responsible that none get away and all vote our ticket.”Despite newspapers getting wind of the story, Dudley’s scheme prevailed through sheer force of financial will, sending Harrison to the White House. Fans of karma will rest easy, however, knowing that Harrison was a total bust as President, eventually losing his re-election bid four years later … to none other than the now-even-more popular Grover Cleveland.Vote buying still occurs today, but only on a very small scale.You might be surprised to learn that vote-buying isn’t entirely extinct. How, in these modern ti mes of ours, could someone be so brazen as to go around giving people money for their votes without fear of getting caught?Well, it’s because most of these schemes are happening in very small local elections, ones where all it might take is a grand or two to push you over the finish line. In 2012, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter David A. Fahrenholdt covered a number of recent cases for The Washington Post:It may still be possible to steal an American election, if you know the right way to go about it. Recent court cases, from Appalachia to the Miami suburbs, have revealed the tricks of an underground trade: Conspirators allegedly bought off absentee voters, faked absentee ballots, and bribed people heading to the polls to vote one way or another.What they didn’t do, for the most part, was send people into voting booths pretending to be somebody else.Money is an issue in the American electoral system. It always has been, and it always will be. Yesterday it was poll taxes, today i t’s dark money. Who knows what tomorrow will be? Something to do with cryptocurrency? or people trying to vote via Alexa and accidentally ordering a new washing machine?At the very least, we’re not being beaten at the polls anymore … though we’re also not being handed free liquor at the polls, either. All in all, we can judge that part a wash.To learn more about the history of personal finance, check out these related posts from OppLoans:25 Little-Known Presidential Money FactsWait, Why ARE Employers the Ones Providing Health Insurance?The 12 Worst Financial Scandals In HistoryIs There a Secret Money Lesson Hidden In “The Wizard of Oz?”What else do you want to know about the history of finance? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

The Economic Effects Of Overpopulated Prisons - 1500 Words

The Economic Effects of Overpopulated Prisons in the United States: Christopher Polinsky, Ronald Stewart, Ryan Thornton, and Skipper Schuyler Southern Illinois University at Carbondale Prepared for Dr. Kasthuri Henry ESTIS Visiting Assistant Professor September 25, 2016 Of the nearly nine million people incarcerated worldwide, the United States houses over two million inmates in its federal, state, and local facilities. While the goal of the judicial system is to enforce the law and protect the people, it comes at a price to taxpaying citizens at approximately thirty-nine billion dollars annually. The purpose of this research is to clearly define the required expenditures of the prison system, identify anomalies in court sentencing at the federal, state and local levels, and pinpoint cost-savings to reduce the financial burden to tax-paying citizens. The United States has the highest rate of imprisonment in the world and it has a direct effect on its taxpaying citizens at nearly 39 billion dollars annually. There are six major categories of incarceration: sexual assault, murder, robbery, assault, burglary, and drugs and of the nearly 2.3 million people in American jails, about approximately half, were jailed for drug related charges. According to the Department of Justice, that number has only dipped below fifty percent once in the last decade back in 2011. (Sledge, 2013). The Smarter Sentencing Act is legislature aimed at reducingShow MoreRelatedMarijuana Should Be Legal For Recreational Use873 Words   |  4 Pagesas those for cancer patients. Revised: There will be medical benefits if marijuana was legal for recreational use. Premise: Street justice related to drug disputes would be reduced resulting in less crowding in prisons. Revised: Legalizing marijuana will result in less crowding in prisons. 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This prison in California was builtRead MorePrison Blues : How America s Foolish Sentencing Policies Endanger Public Safety1033 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished that the current policy does not work as it was intended to, so thus it must be changed. William Rehnquist, a former Supreme Court Justice, stated his opinion of minimum sentencing during an often cited speech. As stated in his book Prison blues: How Amer ica s Foolish Sentencing Policies Endanger Public Safety, David Kopek credits Rehnquist with stating: These mandatory minimum sentences are perhaps a good example of the law of unintended consequences. There is a respectable body ofRead MoreQuestion and Answer on Contemporary Social Issues Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pages1. One of the most significant changes taking place in the past few decades, the one that has had a pronounced effect on millions of families, causing considerable concern, has been the movement of women into the workplace. This change has had momentous effects on women, on children, on men, on marital relations- on families. Since 1970s, according to the demand for low-paying â€Å"pink-collar†, women moved into those pink-collar jobs and into other jobs as well. The number of hiring women has steadilyRead MoreSentencing Guidelines For Non Violent Drug Offenders1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States’ prison population is currently number one in the world. As a nation that proclaims freedom for citizens, the United States houses more than one mill ion more persons than Russian and almost one million more persons than China. Currently, the United States makes up five percent of the world’s population and imprisons twenty-five percent of the world’s inmate population. Drug offenders who committed no act of violence make up a large portion of the inmates in the United States. CountyRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws For Drug Offences1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfacts and real life examples to emphasize the economic and social consequences of mandatory minimum sentencing. The report explains that mandatory minimums allow the amount and type of drug to decide the sentencing, not the judge. This is especially problematic because it prevents judges from considering the facts of the case and viewing them individually, creating inherently unfair sentencing that sends an unproportionate amount of people to prison. The report states that â€Å"drug defendants compriseRead MoreUniversity versus Vocational Education E ssay1556 Words   |  7 Pagesusually utilizes the current economic state of the labor market, providing professional education to those fields of expertise which has a demand for new workers. That is, if there is a need of high-level professionals in agriculture, then more vocational courses will be provided in order create the required labor force for agriculture industry. Article by Silberman (1978, pp.167-176) discusses the superiority of vocational education compared to general education in economic sense. Vocational educationRead MoreThe Slavery Of Slavery And Slavery1505 Words   |  7 PagesPig Laws went into effect around the same time of Black Codes and they harshly penalized Black Americans for petty crimes such as handing out felonies for stealing farm animals. Both Black Codes and Pig Laws were repealed by 1877 but rewritten into Jim Crow Laws, which enforced racial segregation and were a way continue to treat African Americans as inferior (Black). All three of these oppressive laws have habitually traversed into the justice system today. Prisons are overpopulated with Africans AmericansRead MoreJonathan Swift s A Modest Proposal1859 Words   |  8 Pagesforefront of literature in the form of multiple well known Horatian, Juvenalian and Menippean satires (wiseGEEK). The essayist often brought a profound examination and keen persuasive rhetoric that exposed insincere idiocies and outlined the moral and economic decay (wiseGEEK). Satirical works often highlight ideals of reason, order, and social awareness, and thus these works contain a persistent undertone of civility (Holmes). The author superficially uses a faà §ade of conventional traditions, edicts,Read MoreA Study On My Service Learning Partner1717 Words   |  7 PagesEcuadorians are well dressed and are good looking. From the pictures of Ecuador my initial response was that Ecuador has really nice landscape but because of the layout of the Ecuador I came to believe Ecuador is over popu lated. Places that are overpopulated usually live in poverty because they have a hard time keeping up economically and this leads to further issues. As it turns out, my initial thought of Ecuador are along the same lines of truth that Ecuadorians actually experience these problems

The Differences in the Presentation of Poverty in...

Welcome to the year 1963. Three years into this decade have proved to be not only influential to the future of our nation but also to serve as a cautionary tale. New technological inventions, major political occurrences, and a more aware society have proved to be very important events. These events in addition to many others will undoubtedly influence our nation in many ways but it seems to be that our nation has lost grip of a crisis much closer to home and much closer to the individual person, this specific person mentioned is the American citizen. Rich, poor, middle class, privileged, etc. are all ways to define oneself in the American Society, but as we reach the end of this decade, will we be able to say we efficiently took care of†¦show more content†¦Harrington’s book would surprise most Americans who are sitting in their new suburban home in front of their new TV. To these members of our nation America appears to be doing completely fine economically and in te rms of social welfare. In the start of his book, Harrington says, â€Å"here is a great mass of people, yet it takes the effort of the intellect and will even to see them† (Harrington 2). According to Harrington’s research, he found that nearly 50,000,000 Americans live in poverty. Not only is this number quite large, but also worrying because these individuals have essentially become invisible to those who are not considered to be living under the poverty line. What Harrington means is that it takes someone who is actually paying attention to this issue in order to fully understand what is truly happening to our society. Harrington calculated our nation’s poverty by figuring the number of Americans who got by with an annual income of less than $3,000. He argued that this data wasn’t hard to come by as it was census data, but the average American who is well off has little to no real reason to ever pay attention to this sort of shocking truth. Our diverse country has beautiful coasts, large cities, and miles and miles of rolling hills in the Midwest. However, part of the problem we are experiencing is the lack of awareness of the isolation certain portions of our country create. The â€Å"Other America† Harrington references exist in the dirty slums of the

Business Process in a Hotel Free Essays

Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL MIROSLAV DRLJACA, MSc, Researcher Zagreb Airport, Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Process in a Hotel or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Zagreb, Croatia METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL UDC 65. 012. 4:640. 4 Preliminary communication Requests of interested parties, amongst which the customer has the central position, are starting points of quality management system that complies with requirements of ISO 9000ff international norms. Regardless of the fact whether we want to arrange hotel management system to meet the requirements of these norms, one should be able to recognize exact requests of interested parties, especially of the customer of services. Correct recognition of these requests presents the beginning of quality system management in a hotel. In order to fulfill the expectations and requests of guest, the management system in a hotel must be developed, documented, implemented and managed in such way to ensure realisation of the actual and foreseen guests’ requests. Function structure of hotel organisation will not be sufficient for a long-run achievement of this goal. Classic structural model of hotel organisation must be upgraded through developed, documented and implemented business processes. In order to run hotel successfully, numerous interrelated activities must be defined and managed. The application of business process systems in the hotel, their definition and interaction, together with the management, can be defined as process approach. Business processes are one of structural elements of hotel management system. If they are not developed, documented and implemented, we can justly ask whether hotel management system is capable of meeting requests of interested parties. For running businesses, as well as hotels, there are three characteristic types of business processes: core business processes, management business processes and support processes. Scientists and experts do not agree about generally accepted methodology of business process modelling. This paper accepts a hypothesis saying that a good methodology is the one which enables managing of business process in a way to ensure the fulfillment of interested parties’ requests, specifically the requests of guest. Key words: process, methodology of business process modelling, process approach. INTRODUCTION Despite the fact that only a small number of hotel industry representatives in Croatia possess ISO 9001 certificate as international confirmation of requested quality level of management system, the idea of quality, as marketing orientation, as business 752 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL philosophy and everyday practice, is more and more existing in hotel industry. Independently of the degree of awareness of hotel management, business processes can be developed in any of the following ways: 1) in a long-established manner – which is based on „know-howâ€Å" of the most important parametres of business processes, with interventions only in situations when reliability of business process is seriously affected, 2) without any control, when in extreme cases the business process develops in completely uncontrollable conditions, 3) in partly controllable conditions â⠂¬â€œ characterized by business process model according to chosen methodology, in conditions which are controlled in the same amount as the basic parametres that define them, and 4) in completely controlled conditions – those business processes whose basic parametres of definition are under complete control. 2 In order to create completely controlled environment for developing of usiness process in a hotel, it is necessary that hotel business processes be: 1) named, 2) described, 3) structurised/organised, 4) controlled, 5) managed, and 6) always improving. In order to fulfil it, hotel business processes need to be conceived, i. e. developed according to chosen methodology. The problem lies in the fact that ISO 9001:2000 norm (Quality Management Systems – Requirements) requires the proof that business processes are managed, but methodology of business processes developing is not being suggested. 3 The choice of methodology, and often its definition, is left to be made by hotel management. 1. DEFINITION OF TERM „PROCESSâ€Å" The word „processâ€Å" evolves from Latin word „procedereâ€Å", which originally means „moveâ€Å" or „go aheadâ€Å". This word form was followed by noun „processusâ€Å", which is translated as „processâ€Å" and means „ †¦ a series of actions, phases or events, development (in any direction or form) and transformation (inputs outputs) of anything that was took under consideration (element, structure, sub-system, system, etc. ). â€Å" 1 2 3 ISO 9001 certificate, international confirmation of requested quality level of management system, acquired the following hotel industry representatives in Croatia: (in 1999: Hotel Excelsior in Dubrovnik, Hotels Maestral – Hotel Komodor in Dubrovnik; in 2000: Vodicanka Tours – Hotel Punta in Vodice, during change of owners did not retain the certificate, and Hotels Argentina in Dubrovnik). Basic parametres of definition of business processes are: a) object of activity (material, information, product, service and similar), b) frequency of operation (continually, sometimes only once, and similar), c) area of activity (state, city, company/organisation, part of company, and similar. ), d) manner of operation (usual, uncontrollable, in partly controllable conditions, in completely controllable conditions). At writing about methodology of business process development the authors avoid presenting final solutions, because methodology of business process development represent intellectual ownership (know how) of the author or consultant. Rare examples in Croatian literature are: Ivan Mamuzic, â€Å"Procesni pristup u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom†, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002, p. -4, in which author presents possible methodology of business process development and shows part of diagram of process flow; Miroslav Drljaca, â€Å"Proces kao ishodiste modela ISO 9001:2000†, Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002, p. 5-6, in which the author presents methodology of business process development and shows break-up of one business process; Zivko Kondic, Kvaliteta i ISO 9000, Tiva, Varazdin, 2002; and partly: Nenad Vulic, Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, Veleuciliste u Splitu, Split, 2001. Total presentation of methodology of business process development is written in: Nenad Injac i Marko Besker, Metodologija izgradnje poslovnih procesa u sustavu kvalitete, Oskar, Zagreb, 2003. 753 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 1. Process presentation RULES AND CONTROLS INPUT TRANSFORMATION AREA OUTPUT MECHANISMS Process can be also defined as â€Å"a course, evolution or manner through which something was born or transformed, it is a development, a procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ 4 HRN EN ISO 8402:1996 norm defines the process as a â€Å"group of mutually independent resources and actions which transform input elements into output elements. †5 Transformation of input elements into output is in fact a transformation of one into the other. Each process thus becomes unique and special. Transformation of input into output is a system of complex interactions of operations and resources. It is a technology. It is â€Å"know how. International norm ISO 9000:2000 defines the process as „group of connected or mutually dependent activities which transform input into results. â€Å"6 The application of process system in a company, its definition and mutual interaction, as well as the management of process system – can be call ed „process approach. â€Å"7 The process approach has the advantage of permanent managing of links between – particular processes (within the process structure), which is the structural element of hotel management system, – and – combination and mutual interaction of these elements. 8 When applied in the hotel quality management system, this process approach underlines the importance of the following: ? understanding and meeting of guest’s requests, need of supervision of business processes in value added conditions; ? achieving results of business processes and their efficiency, and 4 5 6 7 8 Zelimir Domovic, Sime Anic i Nikola Klaic, Rjecnik stranih rijeci, SANI-PLUS, Zagreb, 1998, p. 1163. HRN EN ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance – Vocabulary, (ISO 8402:1994; EN ISO 8402:1995), Quadrilingual version. International norm HRN EN ISO 9000:2002 Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 9000:2000, EN ISO 9000:2000), Version quadrilingue, p. 40. International norm HRN EN ISO 9001:2002 Quality management systems – Requirements (ISO 9001:2000, EN ISO 9001:2000), p. 14. Except process structure, structural elements of management system of every company, a hotel as well, are: 1) strategic documents of company (mission, vision, strategy, politics, general and special managerial aims), 2) organisation, 3) resources, 4) partnerships, and 5) communication and notification. 754 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL ? permanent improvement of business processes, based on impartial estimation. Regardless of many possible types of business processes, and many diversities of process structures, all business processes in hotel can be divided into three types: ? management processes, ? core processes, ? support processes. Figure 2. Three types of business processes Management processes Guest’ s request Core business processes Guest’ s satisfaction Support processes Source: Martyn A. Ould, Business Processes, John Wiley Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, UK, 1995, p. 2. Many industries have more than one core or „macroâ€Å" group of business processes, including: management of business system, management of resources, realisation of products and services, measurement and control. 9 Management business processes are important for progress of core business processes, as well as of support process. These are business processes of development, planning, quality management and management of hotel organisation. Because of entirety and directions of their influence onto core business processes – Management business processes are called – vertical processes. Core business processes are focused on the achievement of satisfaction of customers, (buyers/users), i. e. hotel guests. They directly add new value to the product, meaning service. They meet requests of hotel guests and are generator of their 9 Herbert C. Monnich, Jr. , ISO 9001:2000 for Small and Medium Sized Businesses, American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 2001, p. 3. 755 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL contentment. Core business processes, processes of fulfillment or realization, are business processes whose result – in form of product or service has direct value confirmation on the market. The plan and the product in their creation are in core business processes strongly integrated. Core business processes are called – horizontal processes. Figure 3. Interactivities of different types of business process Management processes (vertical) Core processes (horizontal) Support processes (vertical) Support processes which are also called logistical or resourceful business processes, are directed towards producing satisfaction of internal users within hotel organisational structure. They are able to create added value for the guest. However, this influence on making added value is indirect and is fulfilled through support of core business processes. Support processes are auxiliary business processes and represent a support to core business processes. With regard to direction of activities onto core business processes, they are also called – vertical processes. Numerous management, core and support processes develop within this process structure simultaneously. They have a series of interactions. Each interaction in certain measure affects the business process result in terms of meeting the guests’ requests. 2. BUSINESS PROCESSES IN A HOTEL „Complete work process of a hotel consists of processes of production activities and service activities. Purpose of production activities is rendering of services which have product characteristics, like: various food, beverages that are specifically prepared, bread, desserts, and similar. Purpose of service activities is providing guests with: accommodation, serving of meals and beverages, entertainment, sale of goods, various handicraft-and-services, laundry washing, ironing, and similar. â€Å"10 „Process contains all activities linked into a chain. It starts with defining of all possible needs a 10 Ivanka Avelini Holjevac, Kontroling – Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Hotelijerski fakultet Opatija, Opatija, 1998, p. 379. 756 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL guest (tourist, buyer, etc. ) may have during the trip, until return, only with aim that all guests’ needs are met. â€Å" 11 Table 1. Types of business processes in a hotel 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Process of hotel management. Process of planning. Process of development. Process of marketing. Process of quality management. Process of environment management. Process of social responsibility management. Process of security/safety at work management. 1. Process of producing food and beverages which are specifically prepared. 2. Process of serving meals and beverages. 3. Process of reception and accommodation of guests. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Process of human resources management. Process of financial management. Process of infrastructure maintenance. Process of information management. Process of purchase. Process of sale. Management business processes in a hotel. Core business processes in a hotel. Support processes in a hotel. At identifying of business processes in a hotel and dividing them into types, it is necessary to avoid identification of business function and business process in a hotel. Essential differences are at least these that follows: ? business function is static category, while business process is dynamic category, business function is mostly operated within one structural hotel unit, and is usually named after it, while process implies more participants from more structural hotel units, ? business function is operated within hotel, while process can have participants from outside of hotel structural organisation, but who are important for progress of concrete business process, 11 Zdenko Cerovic, Hotelski menadzment, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Fakultet za turisticki i hotelski menadzment Opatija, Opatija, 2003, p. 415. 757 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL ? ? ? . business function is run by functional manager, and process is run by business process manager, and identification of these roles must not be a rule but an exception, business process is one of the possible inner aspects of supervision of costs, quality costs as well, while function is not, due to all these differences, function is a narrower concept than business process. METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Basic task of hotel management during of business processes development is in fact establishing, directing and describing of events during transformation process of input into output. In order this task could be accomplished, we ust have suita ble methodology of business process development within the quality system. Different companies use dissimilar methodologies. Modelling of methodology in great measure depends on knowledge about quality management. Regardless of which methodology is used by teams who developing business processes, they should remain consistent when they apply it in developing all business processes in a hotel. Hotel management must create its own methodology or choose already existing methodology of business process development. Teams for business process development in practice often encounter the problem of verification of correctness of their own solutions. This paper presents one of the possible approaches. 3. 1. Identification of the process is initial task in business process developing and demands (from the team): naming of the process, appointing of the leader (manager) of business process, defining of its objective(s), defining of input and output requests, description of mechanisms, rules and controls. Afterwards, they must determine outer and inner users of business process results, as well as designate process steps as consisting parts of the business process. 3. 2. Diagram of the context is simple display of business process at the highest level from which an interaction can be seen: rules, controls and mechanisms during transformation of input into output. 3. 3. Display of static model of business process presents logical sequence of process steps development as consisting parts of the business process. This phase of business process development identifies structural units where individual process step develops, and locates control points at which measurements will be performed – and thus manage the business process. 3. 4. Description of the process describes requests that result from requests and needs of guests, then from specifications, norms, regulations, elaborations, methods and resources. Here are also identified requests, objectives and descriptions of their fulfillment, as well as allowed deviations. By defining of allowed deviations we in fact determine the minimum quality level of business process. 758 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 4. Diagram of the context RULES AND CONTROLS GUEST’ S REQUEST PROCESS OF RECEPTION AND ACCOMMODATION OF GUESTS A- 0 GUEST’ S SATISFACTION MECHANISMS 3. 5. Diagram of decomposition of business process is methodologically confirmed graphical representation of the process with all its consisting parts – process steps. It represents logical sequence of process steps development. It specifies input, rules and controls, mechanisms and output of each process step. Diagram of decomposition represents a technology. It shows process of reception and accommodation of guests per process steps that logically develop in sequence. At least one exit from a process step is also an entry into the next. Process steps in the process of reception and accommodation of guests are identified as follows: 759 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 5. Decomposition of process of reception and accommodation of guests Refusal of request Guest’ s request ANALYSIS OF GUEST’ S REQUEST A-01 ACCOMODATION OF GUEST A-03 RECEPTION OF GUEST A-02 Accommodated guest Orders to departments Invoice issued to guest Invoice forwarded to Financ. Dept. HANDLING OF GUEST A-04 Fulfillment of guest’s request CHARGEING AND GREETING OF GUEST A-05 Fulfillment of requests FINAL ACTIVITIES A-06 Reports New process cycle A-0. 1 Analysis of guest’ s request A-0. 2 Reception of guest A-0. 3 Accommodation of guest A-0. 4 Handling of guest A-0. 5 Charging of services and greeting of guest A-0. 6 Final activities 3. 6. Description of process steps must specify input, output, mechanisms, rules and controls of each process step, as well as locate structural hotel unit in which certain process step develops. Also, written procedure is named, if any of process steps should be additionally documented. 3. 7. Presentation of dynamic model of the process is plan of implementation of developed business process into functional structure of organization of the hotel. The plan shows in which structural hotel unit develop activities of each process step, and which unit of organization is responsible for their execution. Making of presentation of dynamic model business process is a precondition of the process organisation itself. 760 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL Figure 6. Dynamic model of process of reception and accommodation of guests Partners Financial Division Human Resources Div. Accommodation D. Reception Accommodation Divis. Food bever. Division Commercial Division Controlling Quality Manager Process steps General Manager Structural units Analysis of guest’s request A-01 Reception of guest A-02 Accommodation of guest A-03 Handling of guest A-04 Charging of services and greeting of guest A-05 Final activities A -06 3. 8. Establishing of responsibility for the process is logical continuation of work on business process development. It implies exact establishment of responsibility of concrete executor of individual process step. After establishment of responsibility, the conditions for establishment of management team for concrete process are prepared. Management team is headed by manager of business process. In this way we model process organisation, based on team work. 12 3. 9. Plan of measuring within the process is based on description of business process, i. . defined limits of allowed deviations, up to which business process still shows reliability as one of its crucial characteristics. The plan of measuring defines names of control points where certain measurements will be performed. It also defines target value, allowed deviations and measuring method. By all these measurements, comparisons with target values, and possible application of corrective measures and activities – we manage the business process. 12 Pere Sikavica, â€Å"Procesna i timska organizacija†, Slobodno poduzetnistvo, br. 18/98, Zagreb, 1998, p. 108116. 761 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL 3. 10. Plan of providing information within process is necessary in order to clearly define: which participant of business process provides the information, who receives it, what is its contens, and when is the information sent and received. 3. 11. Making of further process documentation implies writing of procedures for particular process step which definitely needs it, and writing of lower level documents, like work instructions, check lists, plans of corrective measures and activities, etc. CONCLUSION In the audit of quality of hotel management system it is necessary to document and prove the request for business process management. Since this is the requirement of ISO 9001:2000 international norm, and only four representatives of hotel industry in Croatia have certificates related to this international norm, it is justified to ask: which methods were used in hotels to name, describe and organise structural units of business processes, and how were these business processes controlled, managed and constantly improved. In the economy branches, which are the core of tourist industry, the most successful companies, except for food-and-beverages industry, do not have certificates. There is a limited number of companies which possess international certificates, amongst which are: retail trading, hotel industry, road transport and manufacture of furniture. Therefore, repeatedly, the question is put: can we create development strategy for Croatian tourism without developed strategy of these economy branches that realise part of revenue resulting from tourists’ expenses. There are no ready universal solutions. Imitating of another company’s solutions or adoptions of lesser adjustments of these solutions as their own optimum solutions are – delusions, and in practice will be causing entropy. Every business process is different. It can even have the same name, same number and same names of process steps, same inputs and outputs, but still there are no identical business processes. Differences and originalities are happening in the interaction of inputs and outputs, rules, and controls, as well as mechanisms in each process step – in the area of transformation of inputs into outputs. In the context of quality management systems we may conclude that ISO 9001:2000 international norm does not suggest methodology of business process development, but demands the proof that business processes are being managed. It can be concluded that every methodology of business process developing is satisfactory, if it can prove the management of processes. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Avelini Holjevac, Ivanka, Kontroling – Upravljanje poslovnim rezultatom, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Hotelijerski fakultet Opatija, Opatija, 1998. Cerovic, Z. , Hotelski menadzment, Sveuciliste u Rijeci, Fakultet za turisticki i hotelski menadzment Opatija, Opatija, 2003. Domovic, Z. , Anic S. i N. Klaic, Rjecnik stranih rijeci, SANI-PLUS, Zagreb, 1998. Drljaca, M. , „Proces kao ishodiste modela ISO 9001:2000â€Å", Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002. Drljaca, M. , „Konzistentnost kvalitete i poslovne uspjesnosti u Hrvatskojâ€Å", Zbornik radova 7. Simpozija Hrvatskog drustva menadzera kvalitete Kvaliteta nas izbor za buducnost, Oskar, Zagreb, Sibenik, 2005. 762 Creating Customer Value in Tourism and Hospitality Industry, pp. 752-763 M. Drljaca: METHODOLOGY OF BUSINESS PROCESS DEVELOPMENT IN A HOTEL 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. HRN EN ISO 8402 Quality management and quality assurance – Vocabulary, (ISO 8402:1994; EN ISO 8402:1995), Quadrilingual version. International norm HRN EN ISO 9000:2002 Quality management systems – Fundamentals and vocabulary (ISO 9000:2000, EN ISO 9000:2000), Version quadrilingue. International norm HRN EN ISO 9001:2002 Quality management systems – Requirements (ISO 9001:2000, EN ISO 9001:2000). Injac, N. i M. Besker, Metodologija izgradnje poslovnih procesa u sustavu kvalitete, Oskar, Zagreb, 2003. Kondic, Z. , Kvaliteta i ISO 9000, Tiva, Varazdin, 2002. Mamuzic, I. , „Procesni pristup u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetomâ€Å", Kvaliteta, Broj 3, Infomart, Zagreb, 2002. Monnich C. H. , Jr. , ISO 9001:2000 for Small and Medium Sized Businesses, American Society for Quality, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 2001. Ould A. M. , Business Processes, John Wiley Sons Ltd, Chichester, England, UK, 1995. Sikavica, P. , â€Å"Procesna i timska organizacija†, Slobodno poduzetnistvo, Broj 18, Zagreb, 1998. Vulic, N. , Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom, Veleuciliste u Splitu, Split, 2001. 763 How to cite Business Process in a Hotel, Essay examples

Horror and suspense Essay Example For Students

Horror and suspense Essay Psychopath- a psychopath is a mentally ill person who behaves violently without feeling guilty. From that simple description from the Oxford dictionary we can already see that the genre of Alfred Hitchcocks film Psycho contains a lack of guilt and violence, which leads to horror and suspense. This is a great premise and on this the film is based. The use of a weighted title is just one of the many techniques that Alfred Hitchcock would use to make his film one of the best in its kind. He used a variety of methods to achieve a wide range of emotions and effects throughout the film of Psycho. But one of his best-used techniques is the red herring. The red herring would include Alfred Hitchcock directing the film to mislead the audience into a false sense of security. One of the prime examples of this was the scene where we see Marion running away with the money she had stolen. You see her being followed by the police and trading in her car. By this time we think that this is the main plot but when really it is just the lead up to the scene full of shock, horror and suspense, The shower scene. Another one of Alfred Hitchcocks many techniques is the use of his music, composed by Bernard Herrman. He would use an orchestra made up of stringed instruments. When the film came up to an important scene filled with suspense, the orchestra played the deafening tones of the screeching stringed instruments playing an un-even tune. You have a long, calm lead up to the main scene and then all of sudden the non-diagetic sounds alarm the audience almost at once (this style of music is further developed in Hitchcocks films; Vertigo and North by North West). Hitchcock loved to use irony; we could see this throughout the film. He would add small lines of irony whenever he could. We begin to see most of the irony whilst Marion is in the motel. We have the Traffic officer telling Marion  There are plenty of motels in the areaI mean just to be safe  When we know that the motel Marion checks into is far from safe. One of the most famous lines of irony in Hitchcocks film is the line including Norman explaining his mothers behaviour to Marion.  Whats the phrase .she isnt quite herself today At the time we dont know it but you soon realise that mother isnt really mother at all and Norman likes to pretend to be her. Thats how the line adds a comical and ironic line to the film.  Whenever there was a different scene you were almost bound to see a mirror. Hitchcock used a lot of mirrors in a scene that would be of great importance. He would use this technique to show the characters as their images. When we look into a mirror it isnt actually ourselves we are looking at, it is a reflection. This is what Hitchcock was trying show. He was showing the characters as reflections and not their real identification. He used this a lot and was one of his recurring motifs. Another one of his recurring motifs was his shots of bottomless depths. This is when you see the camera focusing on a main object that has great importance. The camera focuses on the object then slowly fades away. We see this effect when Norman is sinking Marions car with her dead body in it. You see the car in the swamp and the camera focuses on it while it slowly sinks but pauses to create suspense. .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d , .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .postImageUrl , .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d , .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:hover , .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:visited , .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:active { border:0!important; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:active , .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2ad2e2d07415e279f9926d960746c12d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cultural Conflicts in Bend it Like Beckham EssayWe also see a lot of different camera shots; this shows variety. The film starts off with the birds eye view coming down on the apartment where Marion is having an affair. We see a lot of different camera shots throughout the film; it gives a good range and shows different views from different angles. That way we are able to see the film in depth and look at the scenes as more then just an audience. With that we feel as if we are actually participating with in the story line. A mise en scene. This is where everything that we can see in the frame is either deliberate or symbolic. When we see Normans office in the motel we see a lot of stuffed birds. We can see that Norman is interested in taxidermy. Which is both ironic and symbolic, as Norman stuffed and preserved his mother and thought as her as a real person.  There were a lot of things both in and out the film that surprised people. People were very surprised that the main actress Janet Leigh was killed half through the film. Normally as we all know the main character is there throughout the film and saves the day, in some films of today the main characters has even been known to come back to life in order to save the day from destruction. But in this film she was killed and rid of just half way through. Alfred Hitchcock didnt like to be the same as everyone else. He was always willing to try original ideas and was always there pushing the boundaries as far as he could. He wanted his film to be one of the best thrillers ever made and he used just about every effect and technique going to do this. Through out the film Hitchcock was able to manipulate the audience. There were a few scenes that showed this more then the others. When we see Marion running away with the money she has stolen; we see her been followed by the police and therefore forced to change her car. This is where Hitchcock manipulates the audience into feeling sorry for Marion and wanting her to escape. We feel worried and anxious for her and even though we know what she is doing is wrong, we want her to escape and get away with the crime she has committed. We see another scene that makes us feel that way, this time though it is a lot worse. Normally with what Norman has done we would want him to get caught. But when he has put a dead women into the trunk of her own car and pushed her into the swamp we want him to get away with it. A huge amount of suspense is created and we all sit there on the edge of our seats wanting the insane Norman to get away with the awful crime. There are many critical moments in the film, which we now identify as the main scenes. This is because of the original ideas that Hitchcock was able to think up. One of the main scenes is the parlour scene. Here we see Marion and Norman talking over a light supper. This is after Norman has supposedly talked to his mother about Marion and that she shouted at him. Marion and Norman sit in the parlour room discussing Normans mother. Normans uses the famous ironic line about his mother not being quite her self whilst they discuss her actions. He tells Marion that mother doesnt like strangers and that is why she reacted like she did. He is very quick to protect his mother and he make up excuses for her behaviour.  Its not as if mother were a maniac, a raving thing. She just goes a little mad sometimes. Havent you?